Textos para estudar para a prova de Língua Inglesa (Liceu de Caucaia) – Turma: 2º Ano.

Textos para estudar para a prova de Língua Inglesa
(Liceu de Caucaia) – Turma: 2º Ano.

1) Choosing the right career can be difficult, but having a defined career direction will help you with getting a job. But with a little hard work, some planning, and some serious self-reflection, you can set yourself on a path towards a fruitful, fulfilling career that can provide for you and your family.

2)

3) “You may excel in several different areas, which is good, because workers no longer necessarily stay in one kind of job for a lifetime. People are usually good at the things they enjoy, so slow down. Give yourself time to see where you excel. I am positive that if you do, you'll find your passion(s) in a field you enjoy.” 

4) He or she communicates with public on behalf of companies, organizations or governments. He or she is also called a media specialist. He or she should have ability to communicate clearly, creative, an outgoing personality, self-confidendence.

5) Changing or choosing your career

Whether you're looking for your first job or wanting to change career, there are a number of things you can do that can help you make the best decision. Firstly, get to know yourself - your strengths, values, interests and ambitions. Next, do your research on your chosen job - make sure you know as much as you can about what the job's really like and if it's the right job for you.

Finally, get some advice from a professional - there might be other options or funding schemes open to you that you didn't know about. And it always helps to have someone impartial as a sounding board to check if you're doing the right thing.

 TRABALHO PARA TRADUZIR - 2 ANO

Text 01

Cultural diffusion is the spread of culture, including aspects such as clothing and food, from one group to another, typically as a result of making contact for the first time. European explorers bringing back foods and other items, such as tobacco, from newly explored lands is an example of cultural diffusion.
When one culture begins to adopt elements of another, be it in manner, religion, food, clothing, agricultural practice or other cultural elements, this is cultural diffusion. People in Moscow experienced cultural diffusion from America when McDonalds was first introduced in that region. The concept of a fast-food restaurant serving hamburgers was exotic and new to them at that time. Cultural diffusion isn't
necessarily a good thing, however. It can lead to the displacement of native cultural traditions, and it can even be dangerous. For example, according to Boise State University, when French explorers arrived in North America, they introduced the smallpox virus, which ended up devastating populations of natives whose immune systems had never been exposed to that particular disease.

Text 02

How are you living? What are you doing to stay healthy?
If you are taking care of your life, congratullations! But if you are smoking cigarretes, cigars or pipes; making use of drugs like pot, cocaine or crack; drinking alcoholic beverages in excess; eating too much and sleeping late, my simpathies! You are entering the roll of people facing atual risky factors. Your chances of a long and healthy life are not many. These are some of medical conclusions all the world.

Text. 03

Brazilian culture has been shaped by various groups of migrants: Portuguese, Italian, Japanese, African, Arabian and German, and to a lesser extent by original inhabitants, just to mention the most important influences. Different population groups and different cultural customs and visual cultures mingled.
This is reflected in Brazilian food, for example. The daily menu of an average family may include Portuguese, Japanese, Indian, Arabian and Italian recipes.
After colonization, the Dutch and Portuguese brought huge numbers of slaves to Brazil to work on the plantations. These slaves kept some of their traditions, so that even today various African influences are to be found in Brazilian culture — in visual arts, in music and in food. African influences in contemporary art are often in the works of artists from Afro-Brazilian families. During the colonization period talented slaves were recruited to decorate churches, though they had to conform to the Catholic canon. It was not until the second half of the 20th century that artists went searching for their cultural roots and, for example, work began to appear based on visual elements in traditional African religions such as Umbanda, for centuries
the means of spiritual escape for slaves.
Fonte: ttp://www.culturalexchanhge-br.nl/mapping-brazil/popular-music/currentituation/multicultural-brazil?page=3

Trabalho 01 para os alunos do 3 ano do Liceu de Caucaia

BRAZIL'S NEW ERA OF RACIAL POLICY

A final reason for reexamining Brazilian race relations is to discuss them in the context of the sudden and dramatic changes in Brazilian race thinking. This new phase is reflected mostly in the new acknowledgement of racism and government attempts to redress it. The issue of race in Brazil has moved to the center of the social-policy agenda. As a result, public interest in race has skyrocketed. For the first time in Brazilian history, social policies have begun to explicitly promote social integration of blacks and mulattos. Such policies do not merely seek to eliminate or alleviate material poverty but also strive to eliminate or reduce class, racial, gender, and other discriminations that bar citizens from access to social justice. This includes both universal policies that encompass the entire population or the poor population, as well as particularistic policies that combat discrimination and promote categories of people that have been excluded on the basis of particular characteristics, including race. The designs of these policies vary widely, but together they seek to address a broad range of social exclusions that are manifested economically, psychologically, politically, and culturally. This change is a milestone in Brazilian racial thought, much like Brazil's earlier ideological transition from white supremacy to racial democracy.

Indeed, the idea of affirmative action or policies specifically designed for blacks and mulattos sounds quit odd and out of place in the Brazilian context. In fact, the whole idea sounded preposterous and highly unlikely just a few years ago. Brazil had been one of the first multiracial states to go beyond race, but it had become apparent that its racial democracy continued to privilege whites at the expense of nonwhites, just as it did during most of its history of white supremacy. Now that these policies are actually being implemented, Brazilian policymakers are accused of imposing U.S. policies. Why would Brazil want such policies? Opponents claim that the Brazilian context is different from the United States and such policies would be of limited effectiveness. But does Brazil have an alternative to U.S.-style race-conscious policies? As the Brazilian state begins to use race explicitly to promote blacks for the first time in its history, what consequences can be expected?

TELLES, Edward Eric. Race in Another America: The Significance of Skin Color in Brazil. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2004. p. 16.

Atividade 01 para os alunos da Escola Terceiro de Farias 2015

Textos da página 13 da Unidade 1 do Livro High Up 3.

Laughing Corner :)

Is money a funny matter?

1. A young college student came running in tears to her father in the kitchen.

“Dad, you gave me some terrible financial advice!”

“I did? What did I tell you?” asked the dad.

“You told me to put my money in that big bank, and now that big bank is in trouble.”

“What are you talking about? That’s one of the largest banks in the state!” he said. “There must be some mistake.”

“I don’t think so,” she said. “They just returned one of my checks with a note saying ‘Insufficient Funds’.”

2. A little boy named Johnny used to hang out at the local corner market. The owner didn’t know what Johnny’s problem was, but the older boys would constantly make fun of him, saying that he was too stupid and dumb. To prove it, sometimes they would offer Johnny his choice between a 5-cent coin (nickel) and a 10-cent coin (dime) and he would always take the 5-cent coin! One day the store owner took Johnny aside and said. “Hey, those boys are making fun of you. They think you don’t know the difference between a nickel and a dime. Do you take the 5-cent coin because it’s bigger, or what!” Slowly, Johnny looked at the store owner with a big smile on his face… Then he said, “Mr. Baxter, If I took the dime, they would stop offering me their money, and so far I have saved $20!”

3. The teenage son was having trouble managing his new checking account. His mother told him that the bank returned the check he had written to the sporting goods store. To which he replied happily, “Oh, great! Now I can use it to buy some stereo equipment for my bedroom here!”

4. Mother decided that 10-years-old Cathy should get a more “practical” gift for her birthday. She woke her up and said, “Suppose we open a saving account for you.” Cathy was delighted. “It’s your account darling.” Mother said as they arrived at the bank, “so you fill out the application.” Cathy was doing fine until she came to the space Name of your former bank. After some hesitation, she put down ”Piggy.”

Atividades das página 13, 14 e 15 da Unidade 1 do Livro High Up 3.

1. Look at the texts below and check the correct options.

a. The texts are:

ð        pieces of news.                      

ð        jokes.              .

ð        articles.

b. The texts are from a:

ð        newspaper.

ð        website.

ð        magazine.

2. Read the jokes on the previous page and answer the question below.

a. What do these jokes have in common?

____________________________________________________________________________

b. Which jokes involve children and which ones involves teenagers?

____________________________________________________________________________

c. Do you think they are funny? Why?

____________________________________________________________________________

3. Match the jokes with the illustrations.

4. Check the sentences from the jokes that are intended to make people laugh.

ð        “Dad, you gave me some terrible financial advice!”

ð        “I don’t think so,” she said. “They just returned one of my checks with a note saying ‘Insufficient Funds’.”

ð        A little boy named Johnny used to hang out at the local corner market.

ð        Then he said, “Mr. Baxter, If I took the dime, they would stop offering me their money, and so far I have saved $20!”

ð        The teenage son was having trouble managing his new checking account.

ð        To which he replied happily, “Oh, great! Now I can use it to buy one stereo equipment for my bedroom here!”

ð        She woke her up and said, “Suppose we open a savings account for you!”

ð         Cathy was doing fine until she came to the space Name of your former bank. After some hesitation, she put down “Piggy.”

5. Read the jokes more carefully to answer the questions.

Joke 1

a. Why is the daughter unhappy?

ð        She thinks the bank has made a mistake.

ð        She thinks her father is a had financial advisor.

b. What do you think the girl should do to avoid this problem in the future?

____________________________________________________________________________

Joke 2

a. Why would the older boys offer Little Johnny the coins?

ð        To make fun of him and prove that he was stupid.

ð        To help him save some money for future use.

b. Why did Little Johnny always pick the larger coin?

ð        It was more valuable.

ð        He wanted to keep collecting coins.

ð        He didn’t know its value.

c. What do you think about Little Johnny’s strategy?

____________________________________________________________________________

Joke 3

a. We can infer from the text that the teenager:

ð        was having problems with the bank manager.

ð        didn’t have control over his finances.

b. The bank bounced the check the teenager had written. Do you think he knew the consequences of writing a “bad” check?

____________________________________________________________________________

Joke 4

a. What gift did the 10 year-old girl get from her mother?

ð        A piggy bank.

ð        A saving account.

b. Why did the girl write down “Piggy” in the application to refer to her former bank?

____________________________________________________________________________

6. From all the jokes which character seems to be the money expert? Why?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

LEI MARIA DA PENHA

LEI MARIA DA PENHA

The “Lei Maria da Penha” (Lei 11.340/2006) was signed into Law by the Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on August 7, 2006.

A "Lei Maria da Penha" (Lei 11.340 / 2006) virou lei pelo presidente brasileiro Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva em 7 de Agosto de 2006.

The Law was named after Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes, as a symbolic reparation and recognition for this woman’s twenty-year battle to bring her case to justice.

A Lei recebeu o nome de Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes, como uma reparação simbólica e reconhecimento de vinte anos de batalha desta mulher para trazer o caso à justiça.

In 1983, Maria da Penha almost lost her life twice at the hands of her husband, Marco Antonio Heredia Viveiros.

Em 1983, Maria da Penha quase perdeu a vida duas vezes nas mãos de seu marido, Marco Antonio Heredia Viveiros.

Maria da Penha became paraplegic as a result of the abuse, and her story gained international attention.

Maria da Penha ficou paraplégica em decorrência do abuso, e sua história ganhou atenção internacional.

The feminist and women’s movement in Brazil had, of course, a crucial role in the process of elaboration and passing of the “Lei Maria da Penha”.

O movimento feminista e de mulheres no Brasil teve, naturalmente, um papel crucial no processo de elaboração e aprovação da "Lei Maria da Penha".

While it is perhaps too soon to measure the real impact of this legislation in reducing domestic violence in Brazil, its passage and formulation as an instrument of social, political, judicial, and cultural change is deserving of notice.

Embora talvez seja muito cedo para medir o impacto real desta legislação na redução da violência doméstica no Brasil, a sua passagem e formulação como um instrumento de mudança social, político, judicial e cultural é merecedor de menção.

The “Lei Maria da Penha” shares the perspective that domestic violence is a violation of the human rights of women and stipulates a national, integrated set of public policies to eradicate this grave problem.

A "Lei Maria da Penha" compartilha a perspectiva de que a violência doméstica é uma violação dos direitos humanos das mulheres e estipula um conjunto nacional, integrada de políticas públicas para erradicar este grave problema.

In this sense, the provisions of the law include the adoption and enhancement of preventive, punitive, protective, as well as assistance-related policies.

Neste sentido, as disposições da lei incluem a adoção e aperfeiçoamento de políticas preventivas, punitivas, de proteção, bem como assistenciais.

The following documents provide information on the provisions of this law and shed light on the existing challenges to its successful implementation.

Os documentos a seguir fornecem informações sobre as disposições da presente lei e lançar luz sobre os desafios existentes para sua implementação bem sucedida.

They also equip advocates and activists with tools to better monitor and evaluate the public policies designed to eradicate domestic violence in Brazil.

Também equipam os defensores e ativistas com ferramentas para melhor acompanhar e avaliar as políticas públicas destinadas a erradicar a violência doméstica no Brasil.

AMAZON BIOME

AMAZON BIOME (O BIOMA DA AMAZÔNIA)

The biome occupies an area of 4,196,943 km2, which represents more than 40% of the country and consists mostly of tropical forest.

O bioma ocupa uma área de 4.196.943 km2, o que representa mais de 40% do território nacional e é constituído principalmente por floresta tropical.

The Amazon is in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, and Roraima, and certain regions of Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and Tocantins states.

A Amazônia está nos estados do Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará e Roraima, e certas regiões do Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Rondônia e Tocantins.

The Amazon is made up of different ecosystems and dense forest, deciduous forest, flooded fields, meadows, grasslands, mountain refuges, and pioneer formations.

A Amazônia é composta de diferentes ecossistemas e floresta densa, de floresta decídua, campos alagados, prados, pastagens, refúgios de montanha, e formações pioneiras.

Even though this biome is the most preserved, about 16% of its area has been destroyed, which is equivalent to two times the area of São Paulo state.

Embora este bioma seja o mais preservado, cerca de 16% de sua área foi destruída, o que equivale a duas vezes a área do estado de São Paulo.

Deforestation, fires, mining, biopiracy, and agro-pasture represent the main environmental problems in the Amazon biome. All these actions are responsible for severe climate changes on the planet - like global warming.

Desmatamento, queimadas, mineração, biopirataria, e agropecuária representam os principais problemas ambientais no bioma Amazônia. Todas essas ações são responsáveis ​​por alterações climáticas severas do planeta - como o aquecimento global.

The Amazon is considered a great atmosphere "cooler" and it is the world's largest biodiversity shelter. Some research indicates that in the Amazon there are about thirty million species of animals.

A Amazônia é considerada um grande "cooler" da atmosfera e é o maior abrigo de biodiversidade do mundo. Algumas pesquisas indicam que na Amazônia existem cerca de trinta milhões de espécies de animais.

Carbon Dioxide ln, Oxygen Out

Carbon Dioxide ln, Oxygen Out (Dióxido de Carbono Entra, Oxigênio Sai)

Every living plant m a luxuriant patch of Puerto Rican rain forest devotes day and night to inhaling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and soil, their sources of life's most basic element - carbon.

Toda a planta viva, é um remendo exuberante da floresta tropical de Porto Rico, dedica dia e noite para inalar dióxido de carbono da atmosfera e do solo, as suas fontes de elemento mais básico da vida - carbono.

The crucial biological cycling of carbon depends on photosynthesis, the process through which plants use the energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into the carbon-based carbohydrates they need to create tissue.

O ciclo biológico crucial de carbono depende da fotossíntese, o processo pelo qual as plantas usam a energia do sol para converter dióxido de carbono e água em carboidratos à base de carbono de que precisam para criar tecido.

This chemical reaction frees oxygen, releasing it to the atmosphere for animals to breathe. By locking up carbon in their tissues, often for decades, plants help regulate the carbon cycle.

Essa reação química libera oxigênio, liberando-o para a atmosfera para animais respirar. Prendendo o carbono em seus tecidos, muitas vezes, por décadas, as plantas ajudam a regular o ciclo do carbono.

The Mata Atlântica  is mostly located on the southern coast of Brazil, from Rio Grande do Norte to the border with Uruguay. Historically, this coast was covered by the Atlantic Forest, one of the most biologically diverse places on the planet.

A Mata Atlântica é na maioria das vezes localizada no litoral sul do Brasil, do Rio Grande do Norte até a fronteira com o Uruguai. Historicamente, esta costa era coberta pela Mata Atlântica, uma das de maiores lugares de diversidade biológica do planeta.

There are more than 10,000 plant species found there, half of which are unique or endemic to this area as are least 5% of the world's butterfly species. However, at present only approximately 7.3% (94,000) of the original 1,290,692 square kilometers of Mata Atlântica remain in Brazil.

Existem mais de 10.000 espécies de plantas encontradas lá, metade das quais são exclusivas ou endêmicas para esta área como são ao menos de 5% das espécies de borboletas do mundo. No entanto, actualmente apenas cerca de 7,3% (94.000) dos originais 1.290.692 quilômetros quadrados de Mata Atlântica permanecem no Brasil.

As is often the case, the most biologically diverse places are also the most favorable for human settlement. Biologically diverse coastal areas in particular are threatened all over the Earth. The Atlantic Forest is a perfect example of this phenomenon.

Como é frequentemente o caso, os lugares de maior biodiversidade são também as mais favoráveis ​​para o assentamento humano. Biologicamente diversas áreas costeiras, em particular, são ameaçados por toda a Terra. A Mata Atlântica é um exemplo perfeito desse fenômeno.

Over 100 million Brazilians live within the Atlantic Forest, including the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and Porto Alegre. Given that only around 160 million people live in Brazil at present, it is clear that the Atlantic Forest has been vital for the growth of the country.

Mais de 100 milhões de brasileiros vivem dentro da Mata Atlântica, incluindo as cidades de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte e Porto Alegre. Dado que apenas cerca de 160 milhões de pessoas vivem atualmente no Brasil, é claro que a Mata Atlântica tem sido vital para o crescimento do país.